Peran Edukasi Kesehatan dalam Peningkatan Self-Care dan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Hipertensi:Literatur review
Keywords:
Hipertensi, Edukasi Kesehatan, Perawatan Diri, Kualitas HidupAbstract
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tinggi secara global dan menjadi faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular. Meskipun terapi farmakologis terus berkembang, tingkat kontrol tekanan darah di berbagai negara masih rendah sehingga diperlukan intervensi tambahan yang fokus pada perilaku perawatan diri. Literatur menunjukkan bahwa edukasi kesehatan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan perawatan diri, memenuhi terapi, dan kualitas hidup pasien hipertensi. Literatur review ini bertujuan menganalisis berbagai model edukasi kesehatan serta efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan perawatan diri dan kualitas hidup pasien hipertensi. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui database Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, dan Garuda menggunakan kerangka PICO serta panduan PRISMA. Sebanyak 10 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari RCT, studi quasi-eksperimental, cross-sectional, dan studi implementasi yang dilakukan di Iran, Amerika Serikat, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, dan Cina. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa model edukasi berbasis teori seperti Transtheoretical Model (TTM), PRECEDE-PROCEED, dan Continuous Care Model, serta edukasi berbasis teknologi dan komunitas, secara konsisten meningkatkan pengetahuan, self-efisiensi, pemaparan obat, perilaku gaya hidup sehat, serta menurunkan tekanan darah. Faktor penentu keberhasilan intervensi meliputi efikasi diri, literasi kesehatan, dukungan sosial, dan kesesuaian intervensi dengan tahap perubahan perilaku. Secara keseluruhan, edukasi kesehatan yang terstruktur, kontekstual, dan berkelanjutan terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan perawatan diri dan kualitas hidup pasien hipertensi. Temuan ini dapat menjadi landasan bagi pengembangan intervensi pendidikan di layanan kesehatan primer dan komunitas
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